Hybridization between the common quail (Coturnix coturnix) and farm-reared quails: state of the art of a conservation problem

Abstract

Puigcerver, M., Sánchez-Donoso, I., Vilà, C., Sardà-Palomera, F., Morales-Rodríguez, P.A., Caballero de la Calle, J.R., Rodríguez-Teijeiro, J.D. (2013). Hybridization between the common quail (Coturnix coturnix) and farm-reared quails: state of the art of a conservation problem. Ecosistemas 22(2):48-53. Doi.: 10.7818/ECOS.2013.22-2.08

Hybridization between the common quail (Coturnix coturnix) and farm-reared quails: state of the art of a conservation problem. Hybridization between species is a widespread phenomenon which may have consequences in the conservation of the biodiversity. In this article we review the conservation problem derived from restocking practices with farm-reared quails in wild common quail populations (Coturnix coturnix).

Farm quails have resulted to be hybrids of common quail and Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). If there are not reproductive isolating mechanisms, restocking practices could favour the introgression of Japanese quail genes into common quail populations, thus resulting in a hybrid swarm and increased sedentariness of quail populations which would probably result in a population decrease in Europe.

This is a real threat. There are neither pre-zigotic, post-zigotic, nor ecological barriers. However, empirical data does not suggest that a hybrid swarm has formed. Different rates of mortality between the species are a possible explanation.

Lastly, we suggest some management actions given the current situation. Among them, we suggest genetic certification of the origin of farm-reared individuals and banning the restocking with Japanese quail or hybrids.