National forest inventories as a tool to assess the status and trends of exotic species

Abstract

Biological invasions are an important component of global change, which is threatening the planet's biodiversity and ecosystem services. To manage and mitigate the impacts of global change, it is important to have monitoring tools that allow assessing the impacts of exotic species at several scales in a systematic, periodic, rapid, and effective way. National forest inventories (NFIs) are an emerging tool for monitoring forest structure and dynamics at large spatial scales. NFIs have been used globally to assess biological diversity, species distributions, and ecosystem services provision in forests. Moreover, NFIs have the potential to study various theoretical and applied aspects of biological invasions. We conducted a literature review to evaluate what studies about exotic species have been published using information from NFIs. We found 96 studies that used NFIs to assess the status or dynamics of exotic species in the United States (74), Europe (20), Canada (1) and Australia (1). Over half of the studies were conducted on the distribution, expansion risk, demography, or impacts of exotic plants (64). The remaining studies used NFIs to investigate expansion risk or impacts caused by other types of exotic species, including insects (20), fungal or protist pathogens (6), insects and pathogens (4), deer (1) and the giant African land snail (1). Lastly, we discuss the opportunities and limitations of NFIs, highlighting their potential to expand theoretical and applied studies on biological invasions.