Scientific knowledge about generalist predator management in Spain: the case of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and black-billed magpie (Pica pica)

Abstract

Díaz-Ruiz, F., Ferreras, P.  (2013). Scientific knowledge about generalist predator management in Spain: the case of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and black-billed magpie (Pica pica). Ecosistemas 22(2):40-47. Doi.: 10.7818/ECOS.2013.22-2.07

Management of generalist predators in Spain is mainly based on direct population control with different wildlife management purposes. This generates a great controversy among different social groups. Predator control is a widespread practice in game management, red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and black-billed magpie (Pica pica) being the main target species. Despite this, efforts to study different aspects of this practice are scarce. The aim of this study was to review the available scientific and technical studies about this activity in Spain, in order to describe the current state of knowledge. The evaluation of trapping methods for foxes and magpies was the most studied topic. Traditional methods such as cage-traps for foxes have low efficiency and low selectivity, while more selective new systems such as the Collarum trap could be an acceptable alternative. Cage-traps for magpies showed high efficiency and selectivity, at least in agricultural landscapes. However, there is little information available on the effects of control measures on the populations of predators, prey and other species. Existing evidence suggests that the effect of predator control on fox populations is not clear, while magpie populations seem to be reduced in the short term. Similarly, it is not clear whether prey populations increase as a result of predator control. There is evidence that other predator species may be affected by control measures, especially when they are not selective. Greater efforts are needed in this field of research in order to contribute to a sustainable management in hunting estates, respecting non-target species.