Impact of the introduced honeybees (Apis mellifera, Apidae) on Teide National Park (Tenerife, Canary Islands)

Abstract

Valido, A., Rodríguez Rodríguez, M.C., Jordano, P. 2014. Impact of the introduced honeybees (Apis mellifera, Apidae) on Teide National Park (Tenerife, Canary Islands). Ecosistemas 23(3): 58-66. Doi.: 10.7818/ECOS.2014.23-3.08

Each spring, the introduction of up to 3000 beehives is permitted in the Teide National Park (Tenerife, Canary Islands). This introduction implies that around 100 millions of Apis mellifera (Apidae) bees compete with the native fauna (insects, but also birds and lizards) for floral resources (nectar/pollen). Since A. mellifera is not considered an effective pollinator (qualitatively), its massive presence can also reduce fruit and seed production, and the viability and vigour of seeds and seedlings by inbreeding depression. We document the ecological consequences of massive honeybee introduction on the native pollination network of this protected area (with a high frequency of Canarian endemic species) and also to review examples worldwide about their impact on insular flora and fauna. Our results indicate that both the structure and functionality of the pollination network were negatively, and significantly affected under the massive presence of A. mellifera. When beehives were installed into the Park, the diversity of native flower visitors decreased. Besides, the reproductive performance of highly visited plant species by honeybees (Echium wildpretii and Spartocytisus supranubius) was significantly reduced. According to these results, we recommend the complete suppression of introduced beehives in Teide National Park in order to protect its endemic flora and fauna.