Characterization and management of the degree of complexity of the components and biodiversity and its effect on weeds and edaphic macrofauna of three integral farms in western Nicaragua

Abstract

Characterization and management of the degree of complexity of the components and biodiversity and its effect on the weeds and edaphic macrofauna of three integral farms in western Nicaragua. The efficient functioning of agricultural farms depends on the interactions that occur in the components. The objective of this work was to characterize the degree of complexity in three integral farms in western Nicaragua. The degree of complexity of the designs and management of biodiversity was determined with 6 components and 64 indicators, each indicator was evaluated using the Vázquez scale. The diversity of the macrofauna was determined applying the methodology recommended by the Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Program (TSBF), 24 monoliths were made per farm. The diversity and abundance of weeds was determined, with the technique of sampling transects with 50 m long by one meter wide, eight transects were applied per farm, in each transect five sampling points were carried out at a distance of 10 m, carrying out 40 sampling points per farm. The three farms studied have a moderately complex design and management coefficient for their biodiversity. The highest average abundance of edaphic macrofauna was found in the Verdum farm. The Santa Ana and Girasol farms presented similar results of average density of edaphic macrofauna with 0.49 and 0.51 individuals/monolith, the highest abundance was found in the first 10 cm. The largest number of weed taxa was found on the Girasol farm with 32 species and 22.58 ind. m-², Verdum and Santa Ana farms, 24 species of weeds were found, with 12.1 and 2.98 ind. m^-2 respectively.