The role of the matrix in the conservation of biodiversity in fragmented landscapes. From ecological theory to conservation guidelines

Abstract

Herrera, J.M. (2011). The role of the matrix in the conservation of biodiversity in fragmented landscapes. From ecological theory to conservation guidelines. Ecosistemas 20(2-3):21-34

During decades, the study of fragmented landscapes has been dominated by the theory of island biogeography (IBT). This paradigm assumes a binary landscape of "habitat" and "non-habitat" where the matrix (the habitat surrounding the native habitat patches of interest) is considered to be uniform, and ecologically neutral. In the present work, I first review the main ecological implications of this interpretation of the matrix on patterns of species occupancy. Second, I highligth the role of the matrix in community structure and ecological processes in fragmented landscapes and underline its importance to enhance our understanding on the functioning of fragmented landscapes. Finally, I will propose conservation guidelines which explicitly incorporate the nature of the matrix in order to improve our ability to conserve species inhabiting human-dominated, fragmented landscapes.